Atomizing nozzle



Nbvqz'4, 1931. CAMERlNO 1,833,108

ATOMIZING NOZZLE Filed Sept. 27. 1929 2' Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Ernealfame 20.

Nov. 24, 1931. CAMERINO 1;833,10 8

ATOMI Z ING NOZ ZLE Filed Sept. 27, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheer. 2

INVENTOR rne ls fmen'no Patented Nov. 24, 1931 UNITED. STATES ERNESTCAMERINO, on NEW Yomen. Y.

ATOMIZING NOZZLE Application filed September 27, 1929. Serial No.395,542.

This inventionrelates to the art of atomizing liquids and moreparticularly refers to improvements in atomizing nozzles of a typesuitable for use in connection with oil burners and with sprayingappliances where the liquid to be atomized orsprayed is forced throughthe nozzle by pressure.

The invention is primarily intended for use in connection with oilburners where it is desirable'to produce both a very fine atomization ofthe fuel and a spray having a rela tively wide angle causing an intimatemixture to occur between the fuel particles and a relatively largeamount of air supporting combustion.

In the art of atomizing oil and other liquid fuels it has been longrecognized as being advantageous to impart to the fuel particles ofwhich the spray is constituted a whirling motion inducing in said partiles a tendency to spread away from the nozzle.

Such a whirling motion results not only in a better and fineratomization but also increases the range of the spray, thus creatingconditions which are conducive to thorough mixing of the fuel particleswith the air and proper combustion of said particles.

A whirling motion of the fuel particles is generally obtained byproviding helical surfaces or spiral surfaces converging towards thenozzle opening. in the path of the fuel, previous to its passage throughthe nozzle and consequent atomization. However, although arrangements ofth s character have been found to be ouitesatisfactory in practice. whenthe fuel is forced through the nozzle by the action of air or steamunder pressure. they have not been found to be very.

eff ctive where, hydrostatic pressure is used.

In certain types of pressure burners, the fuel is admitted to the nozzleopening through a plurality of very small Spiro-inclined passagesconverging towards said opening, the atomization depending entirely uponthe breaking up action of the edges of the nozzle opening upon the fuelwhen the fuel isforced to pass therethrough.

I have found that both the atomization of the fuel and the angle of thespray can be 50 improved if the fuel is caused to impinge againstperipheral spiral surfaces provided in proximity of the nozzle opening,said surfaces tending to deflect said fuel inwardly towards saidopening. 1

The primary object of this invention is to provide an atomizing nozzleof a novel and improved construction, adapted for use in connectionwithpressure burners and like appliances, whereby the fuel is caused toacquire a spiral motion in a plane substantially atright angle to theaxis of the nozzle before the fuel particles actually pass through theopening from which they issue in the form of a white spray.

Another object is to provide an atomizing nozzle of the characterspecified composed of relatively few parts which are entirely accessibleand are therefore easily cleaned or replaced.

A further object is to provide-in a nozzle of the character specified, anovel and .improved type of auxiliary fuel chamber adapted to cause awhirling motion of the fuel particles before they actually issue fromthe nozzles. V

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will more fullyappear as the description proceeds and will be set forth and claimed inthe appended claim.

My invention is illustrated by way of ex ample in the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal section, on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2.of the tip end of a pressure nozzle embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is an end view thereof with parts broken away;

Fig. 3 is a front View of the auxiliary fuel chamber;

7 Fig. 4 is a side view thereof;

Fig. 5 is a front view of an auxiliary fuel chamber having a diflerentnumber of deflecting surfaces; 7

Fig. 6 is a side view thereof;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentarylongitudinal sec-- tion of the tip end of anozzle adapted for use in burners where a relatively small fuelconsumption is desired;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of the tip end of a nozzleembodying my invention in a modified form; and

Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the auxiliary chamber used in the same.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, 10 designates the outer portion of a tubularnozzle, having its outer end 11 threaded to receive a threaded collar12; said collar 12 has an opening 13 substantially of the same diameteras the tubular chamber 14 within nozzle 10.

The collar is thereforeformcd with a rim portion 15 which acts as ameans for clamping the other Pt rts 16, 17, of which the nozzle iscomposed, between said rim portion and the end surface 18 of part 10.

'Part 16 is a disk provided with a nozzle opening 19, forming the frontwall of the nozzle and part 17 is a plate embossed to form an open frontauxiliary fuel chamber 20, opening directly behind disk 16. Both disk16'and part 17 are provided with flanges 21. 22 which fit the inside ofcollar 12 and which are clamped in position by said collar.

The chief characteristic of this invention resides in the peripheraloutline of chamber 20 and the manner of admitting fuel thereto.

By referring to Figs. 2, 3, it will be seen that the peripheral wall ofsaid chamber is subdivided into a number of spiral segments 23,'theadjoining ends of contiguous segments being connected by substantiallyradial tracts or sections 24.

The outline of said chamber therefore resembles that of a hollow ratchetwheel, the inner surface 23 of each segment forming a deflecting surfacefor the fuel which is ad- -'mitted to the chamber through perforationssuch as 25 provided in each radial tract 2%.

Opening 19 is very small as will be understood, but preferably spreadsat the rear to form a funnel-shaped enlargement 26 facing chamber20.

By virtue of this construction, the fuel or other liquid is forced bypressure through openings 24: causing the fuel to issue therefrom in adirection tangential or at a very small angle to the surface of the ado1n1ng --spiral segments 23.

The fuel thus admitted within chamber 20 at spaced peripheral points isdeflected inwardly by surfaces 23 so that in each segmental portion ofthe auxiliary fuel chamber the liquid is subjected to a squeezing actionfrom the wider towards the narrower end of said segmen .al portion, thisresult-in in the liquid being forced through opening This deflectingaction also Causes the body of fuel contained within chamber 20 torotate after the fashion of a pinwheel, while it is being graduallyforced throiilgh funnelshaped chamber 26 and opening 19.

As aresult the spray issuing from opening if) "has a relatively wideangle and is com- .posedof only two spiral segments 28 joined arelatively high pressure upon the fuel. (.1

sulting in an excessive consumption of fuel.

posed of very finely atomized particles, these conditions insuring aproper combustion and high operating efficiency.

The peripheral outline of chamber 20 may be composed of three spiralsegments as shown, but may also be composed of a greater or lessernumber of segments. F or instance, in Figs. 5, 6, I illustrate anauxiliary chamber 27, the peripheral wall of which is comby radialtracts 29. It is also possible to make a chamber of which a singlespiral segment extending for 360 is used, or else to make a chamberwhere four or more segments are used. As a general rule a more ellicientaction' will be had if the'peripheral wall of the auxiliary chamber iscomposed of three or four spiral segments.

invention may also be applied in connection with burners where a limitedfuel consumption is desired. it is well known that opening in order toproduce a thorough atomizatrou of the fuel. It is also necessary to useThis results essentially in conditions whereby the fuel issuing throughthe nozzle cannot go below a certain limit if thorough atomization to behad. In small heath plants. it is desirable at times to provide foiiigg,

a smaller fuel consumption than would resuit by. the use of an openingof the minimum practical diameter andby a. pressure as reduced asatomizing conditions will warrant.

the arrangement of Fig. 7, through the nozzle openingdiminished to acertain extent by 'iroviding the rear wall of the auxiliary fuel chamberwith an outlet permittingsome of the fuel contained within said chamberto issue into a conduitl leadingsaid fuel to a storage tank orcontainer.

Referring to Fig. 7. 30 designates the outer portion of a nozzle theouter end of which 31 is threaded like in the previous case to l:

receive a threaded collar 32.

The nozzle is completed by a front disk 33 prov ded with a nozzleopening 32k and an auxiliary fuel chamber 35. said disk and fuel heicy-ff.

chamber being clamped in position hyllii collar. 32.

The rear wall 36of the auxiliary fuel chamber has a hollow hub portion37over which is forced the end of a return tube 33; and the central partof wall 36 separating chamber within hollow hub 37 and chamber providedwith an opening or outlet in through which part of the fuel containedwithin chant her 35 may issue while another part issues through nozzleopening 34.

Tube 38 leads the fuel thus withdrawn from chamber 35 to a storage tankin the rea and constitutes a relief outlet permitting the useofrelatively high pressures without re- Although in the nozzle shown inFigs. 1 to 6, I prefer to use a recessed cup member as shown in order toproduce the auxiliary chamber, due to the ease with which such aconstruction may be obtained by die stampingmethods and its consequentlow cost of manufacture, it is of course possible to provide anauxiliary chamber differing in its construction from those principallyshown.

Such a possibility is illustrated by way of example in Figs. 8, 9 whereit is seen that the auxiliary chamber 41 is formed by a disk or plate 42provided with a rib 43 forming the peripheral wall of the auxiliarychamber, said rib, like in the previous case, being composed of aplurality of spiral segments 44 connected by substantially radial tracts45.

When the device is assembled, the edge of the rib rests directly againstthe inner surface of the disk member 46. Connection between the insideof the casing 47 and auxiliary chamber 41 is in this case established bymeans of openings 48 provided through the disk 42 externally of rib 43and grooves such as 49 provided across the edge of radial tracts 45. I

Itwill be observed that the general con struction of my improved nozzleis very simple and that the same can be quickly taken apart for thepurpose of cleaning or inspection or repair. 7

Minor details of construction of my nozzle may vary from those shownwithout departing from the inventive idea; the drawings are therefore tobe considered as beinsr intended for illustrative purposes only and notin a limitin sense. Accordingly. I reserve the right to carry myinvention into practice in all those ways and manners which may enter,fairly, into the scope of the appended claim.

I claim:

A nozzle comprising a tubular casing, an end piece therefor providedwith a central outlet, a, flanged cup member extending within saidcasing at the rear of said end piece, said cup member together with saidend piece forming an auxiliary chamber. the outer peripheral surface ofsaid cup member being spaced from the inner surface of said casing, theinner peripheral surface of said cup memher being composed of aplurality of inwardly directed spiral segments and substantiallyradially directed tracts connecting adjoining ends of adjoiningsegments, openings through said radially directed tracts for admittingliquid within said chamber, to impinge against the surfaces of saidspiral segments, and an open end cap member clamping said end piece andthe flange of said cup member in position onto said casing.

ERNEST CAMERINO.

